The yield potential of alkaloids in the plant cell animal vitality Ali Parsaeimehr1 1. PhD student in the field of plant biotechnology at the National Academy of Sciences Institute of Davtyan GS Institute of Hydroponics Problems of NAS RA and academic organization of young researcher. Summary: It is obvious that plants as renewable energy source with low energy consumption that can provide summaries of complex biochemical, even for medicinal purposes, including the synthesis of compounds of plant alkaloids play an important role, but the dilemma for achieve these objectives, the alkaloids of plants known as a secondary metabolite that could, for ecological reasons essential for plants to survive, but the main theme is that these compounds as a source for medical purposes to which the world s out on vital to animal cells or not?, but through this problem, a test that has been done to clarify some of the answers, we know that cells in the kingdom of plants and animals both scheduled intra additional environmental and establishment of such standards be implemented through the use of ion channels (Na +, K? that?, Cl?) or the activity of Na? / K? pumping wells, we can safely assume that the behavior and mobility of ions secured vital cells. Some secondary metabolites such as alkaloids in plants, known as inhibitors of Na +, K?, ATPase or part of the plant alkaloids such as harmaline, nitidine, capsaicin, Soleonopsin could disrupt these acts, the molecular structure of the plant alkaloid essential compound in cells and the similarity of their subject could be the reason for its serious potential to act as an inhibitor or resonance animal vitality of cells and amino acids like Phe, Tyr, many are physiologically active, and whose limited distribution in the plants, for example, the alkaloids strychnine of the dried seeds of Strychnos Nux vux can be a game in a way threatening the vitality of the animal kingdom and as such acaealepsy can safely assume that there are too many targets of the alkaloid acts such as: the plasma membrane, ribosomes, or DNA or RNA in animal cells, the location of the effects of the alkaloids of other neurotransmitters which closely together with a ribbon and ion channels (Na + "K" which ? Cl?) like receptor ion channels, or both are incipit of nerve signals and thus affect them by the heirs or resonators could cause the vitality of animal cells. Surprisingly, plant alkaloids could not even show signs of allergy in animals, where cell refers to the immune response to the alkaloids of the plant alkaloids in the proceedings as coumarin, furanocoumarin could act of this importance, Allelochimical in the mechanism of antiviral activity, antimicrobial and allelopathic interactions of alkaloids are the mysterious role of these other types of secondary metabolites in animal vitality There is circumstantial evidence that some alkaloids, such as Quinolizidines alkaloids protect plants against virus , bacteria, fungi and other plants, compared with alkaloidesanimal interaction, these modes of action have been so well or simply a number of alkaloids of antibiotics, such as sanguinarine, quinine, berberine or incorporated viral and bacterial DNA to bind these compounds in May and inhibiting processes such as DNA replication and RNA transcription are essential for microorganisms or animal cells, and all in all add-alkaloids is far from complete, shows that many plant alkaloids stimulate or inhibit the central process in the cell or organ. In the end, only a limited number of structures were discussed. Keyword: alkaloids from plants, animals, cell vitality, the effects of antimicrobial __________________________________________________________________ 1. Background: The use of the drug world Toadies at the base of the plants between the peoples and countries have been wide spread and impact of these drugs are undeniable, but of course it is better that we show the effect of the compounds and secondary metabolites including alkaloids in synthesizing plant cells and shows their dilemmas effect of this type of secondary metabolites, and according to the cell biology and its metabolites within the cell s adapt to their environment a more cautious measure, and these regulations apply for the use of ion channels (Na +, K? that?, Cl?) or the activity of Na? / K? pumping wells, we can safely assume that the behavior and mobility of ions secured vital cells (Alberts et al. 1993). Some secondary metabolites, such as cardiac glycosides in plants, insects and a species of toad family (Bufonidae) have been discovered, these types of secondary metabolites known as inhibitors of Na +, K?, O ATPase Part of the alkaloids plants such as harmaline, nitidine, capsaicin, which act as Soleonopsin the same manner and affect Na +, K?, ATPase or ion channels and as demonstrated clearly that these ions play a vital role in the vitality of cells or even the animal's nervous system (Mann, J. 1992). in animal cells, most of the activities, like the cells of the endo-exocytosis, cell division is the basis of microtubules and microfilaments in these activities as suitable for some alkaloids colchicine, the Maytansin Taxol alkaloids Vinca have the ability to link with the topic and their inhibition activities due to the evolution of cells, these expanded field of activity of plant alkaloids in the cells of animals and why they must, by research in molecular structure. 2. Discussion and deliberation of potential alkaloids: alkaloids were extracted and are found in ~ 20% of vascular plants, compounds generally basic (alkaline) ~ 40,000 compounds described structurally diverse class of secondary metabolites and most 'used for the use of drugs such as morphine (pain relief), vincristine (an anticancer agent), cocaine (anesthesia, drug abuse), caffeine (stimulant) and it seems that best describe this type of secondary metabolites have been made for 1963 to their chemotaxonomy and the database that are in 3 groups, such as Proto alkaloids. 3 pseudo alkaloids. 2 alkaloids adequate. 1 2. 1. 1. Alkaloid accurate: also known truth that the alkaloids may be called the fallow: a part of basic nitrogen of a heterocyclic compound chemically derived amino acid biosynthesis, including cyclic amino acids: Phe, Tyr, Try, many physiologically active, and with limited distribution in plants, such as strychnine alkaloids from the dried seeds of Strychnos nux vux. Small tree from India to northern Australia. The fruit is a berry with a hard large and fleshy inside fleshy gray contains 3-5 seeds - contain ~ 1. 60 mg of 2% strychnine can kill an adult, how can we say that the potential of the activity that s is the basic molecular structure (Habermehi, G. 1983, Mann, J. 1992.). And, as we see strychnine, simply, together with L-tryptophan, an amino acid of the largest in the vitality of cells (Albert et al. 1993). 2. 2. 2. Pseudo-alkaloids containing nitrogen (physiologically active), the compound is not derived from amino acids, purine ring is prepared by assembling small components of primary metabolism as caffeine alkaloids extract 2. 2. 3. Proto alkaloids were physiologically active nitrogen atom is outside the ring system and is the reason identified as proto alkaloids and ephedrine alkaloids or colchicine is one of the good examples of these types of alkaloids that play in medicine in rolls of the pharmaceutical industry. COLCHISINE the alkaloid of Colchicum autumnale copesetic plant of the lily family, comprising to sustainability through a colleague tubulin of 1:1 (the potential cytostatics) and inhibits microtubule assembly and therefore the spindle of cell division suddenly disappear after treatment with colchicine and the chromatids are not separated, but as the cells of animals die in these conditions, plant cells was performed polyploidy and breeding programs, use of this alkaloid cancer agent due to its wide antimitotic potential, but after a while because of their adverse effects on skeletal cells colchisin was away, and another alkaloid from the bottom of the same name used for this purpose Colcemid and the alkaloids due to its lipophilicity potential simply absorbed by cells and its clear why the Colchicum family of plants are not attacked by herbivores (E Teuscher et al. 1995). 2. 3. The effect of the alkaloids of neurotransmitter receptors: transduction of nerves only in the central nervous system and the neuromuscular junction is mediated by receptor proteins that reside in the membrane, directly or indirectly associated with ion channels are the neurotransmitters such as ( Alberts et al. 1993). among others, adrenaline (NA), serotonin, dopamine, histamine, glycine, GABA, and acetylcholine have been deducted from the ion channels, many plant alkaloids have a molecular structure similar to those of neurotransmitters such as l 'acetylcholine histamine in hairy roots of Urtica Sting and serotonin and dopamine in various species, and acts include: I. The receptor through inhibition or stimulation II. The enzymes that inactivate the neurotransmitters after they have bound to a receptor III. Transport processes that are important for the storage of neurotransmitters in the synaptic IV. Enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of a neurotransmitter (Mothes, K. et al. 1985 Robinson, TA, 1981). Table I. some alkaloids as inhibitors of neurotransmitters __________________________________________________________________________________ natural enzyme substrate case of alkaloids (plant) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ acetylcholine acetylcholinesterase physostigmine (eserine) Berberine papaveracea veneosum Physostigma papaveracea Coptisine several monoamine Various Various galantamine Amaryllidaceae chaconine Solanine Solanum Solanum Solanum solanidine srrata Huperzia Huperzine A oxidase NA . dopamine, serotonin, histamine Harmaline Pegamum Harmine Peganum ephedra ephedrine __________________________________________________________________________________________________ the other location for the effects of the alkaloids of neurotransmitters are closely linked and that a film with ion channels (Na + "K" that? Cl?) as fact or ion channel receptors are both incipit for nerve signals and consequently affect one of them by the heirs or resonators could cause the vitality of animal cells (Rosenthal et al. 1992). All animals need to transport nutrients, hormones, ions, compounds of the signal, O2 and CO2 between the various organs of the body, although the higher animals made in blood in the circulatory system. Inhibitorrs its engine, the heart, have been discussed. But the synthesis of red blood cells is also vulnerable and may antimiotic inhibited by alkaloids such as vinblastine or colchisin allelochemicals and some have hemolytic properties, such as steroidal saponins and alkaloids, these compounds are complex and membrane leakage sterling batteries made these therefore proceeded to vitality of animal cells (Teuscher and E. Lindequist, U., 1994). Table II. The alkaloids are known to the heirs or resonators and transmission of nerve signals ________________________________________________________________________________________ receptor ligand Alkaloids event (plant) ________________________________________________________________________________________ Nicotinana acetylcholine acetylcholine receptor for nicotine, many other plants Strychnos Toxiferine Chondodendron cytosine C-tubocurarine and other various QA legumes Lobeline Anabasine Anabasis Lobelia, Nicotiana hyoscyamine (atropine) Atropa, Hysoscyamus, Datura. Several solanaceous scopolamine Arecoline Areca adrenoceptor noradrenaline / adrenaline Norlaudanosoline Papaveraceae ephedrine, ephedrine, norephedrine ________________________________________________________________________________________ Its surprising that the alkaloids of the plant itself can be signs of allergies in animals, where cell refers to the immune response to the alkaloids of plants example, alkaloids such as coumarin, furanocoumarin, hypercin, Helenalin, activation or suppression of the immune response are clearly the targets were selected for evaluation as a strategy antiherbivore (Luckner et. al. 1990). 2. 4. Mechanism Allelochimical antiviral activity, interactions of antimicrobial and allelopathic alkaloids: There are indications that some alkaloids, such as Quinolizidines alkaloids that protect plants against viruses, bacteria, fungi and other plants, compared with the alkaloids animal interaction, these modes of action have been so well or simply a number of alkaloids of antibiotics, such as sanguinarine, quinine, berberine or interspersed with viral and microbial DNA for these compounds bind in May and thus inhibit the processes such as DNA replication and RNA transcription are essential for microorganisms, protein biosynthesis in ribosomes is another vulnerable target for the alkaloids of the plant, even stabilité des membranes biologiques peuvent être par les déshabillée alcaloïdes stéroïdiens (Luckner et . al. 1990). Another view of same herbicide properties or inhibition of germination can be observed in plant-plant interactions may also proceed through the mechanisms mentioned, but the interaction with growth hormones and their metabolites should also be considered (Wagner, H., 1993). 3. Counclusion, plants as renewable energy source at low power consumption that can provide summaries of complex biochemical, are more compatible in the future. Well ultimately alkaloids increase is far from complete, shows that many plant alkaloids stimulate or inhibit the central process in the cell or organ. in this achievement only a limited number of structures were discussed. In many cases, plants contain a mixture of related alkaloids, which differ only in the substitution models well allelochemical these properties are necessary for chemical defense in an ecological context of plants surviving, but are also the basis for use in medicine or agriculture, and after all these situation of dilemma that we use drugs plant origin in a security warning, but at the request of many experiences through this long and difficult road. 4. References: Alberts, BD, Lewis, J. Raff, M., Roberts, K. and Watson, JD 1993. . Molecular Biology of the Cell. 3rd ed. Garland. New York. Habermehi, G. 1983. Gifttiere und ihre Waffen. Springer. Berlin. Harborne, J. B. 1993. Introduction to Biochemistry Eclogical. 4th ed. Academy Press. San Diego. Luckner, M. 1990 secondery in the metabolism of microorganisms. Plants and animals. Springer, Berlin. Luckner, M. 1990. 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